nuclear energy is the energy of any kind that is released when there is a change in the nucleus such as splitting or transforming nuclei The term is interchangeable, “atomic energy.” Since 1938, Otto Hahn and Fritz Straussman found that when a neutron is fired at a uranium nucleus.
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the uranium nucleus ruptures. and give out a lot of energy
In the early stages of nuclear energy utilization Humans used nuclear energy to make nuclear bombs because at that time they were unable to control nuclear reactions.
Later, humans were able to control nuclear reactions. By using a control rod made of boron or another substance, this control rod acts to capture neutron particles. and make as much or as little reaction as you want When a nuclear reaction is needed pull the control rod out of the nuclear reactor and if you want less nuclear reaction or want to shut down nuclear reactors push the control rod into the nuclear reactor
When nuclear reactions can be controlled Humans have begun to hope that nuclear energy can be used more. Today, human hopes come true. That is, human beings can bring nuclear energy to use in the production of electricity. as well as being used as a power source to propel ocean liners, submarines or aircraft carriers
nuclear power plant
Nuclear power plants may be an option. That will make Thailand produce enough electricity to meet the growing demand all the time. Due to the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power plants compared to other types of power plants in terms of quantity. fuel source And the impact on the environment found that nuclear fuel is inexpensive. Able to produce large amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel Give a small amount of waste The development of the nuclear fuel cycle to make it more useful is ongoing. Transportation of new fuel before entering the power plant It’s easy and convenient. And the important advantage is that it does not cause greenhouse gasses and acid rain that will cause problems to the environment. However, nuclear power plants still have some disadvantages, namely high initial investment costs. Because it must be used for construction, equipment, control systems and waste collection from power plants. To ensure social and environmental safety
Nuclear power plants are an important alternative and solution for Thailand. To solve long-term energy problems Nuclear power plants are widely used in developed countries and developing countries. As of 2014, there are nearly 500 nuclear power plants in commercial operation worldwide, with at least 20 more under construction.
Nuclear power plant is a system that converts energy released from nuclear reactions into electrical energy. energy generated inside the reactor It is taken out by the heat carrier, which is water. The water is heated from within the reactor. until it boils itself into steam Or as a medium to carry heat to the next cycle to produce steam. The resulting steam is sent through pipes. also a power generation system where the steam will be used to drive a steam turbine that will continue to spin the generator
nuclear power plant Classified as a type of thermal power plant It has the same working principle as other types of thermal power plants that use oil, coal and natural gas. Only the source of heat from nuclear power plants is nuclear fission. Produced by the fission of uranium-235 at nuclear power plants. The work is divided into two parts:
1) Nuclear reactor part This section is housed in a concrete building that is very thick and durable. to prevent leakage of radioactive substances This section produces heat to be used to turn the water into steam. and allow the steam to spin the turbine This section is the only section that is different from other types of thermal power plants.
2) Electricity Generating Section is the part that receives steam from a nuclear reactor then sent to spin turbines to generate electricity This power generation section is the same as the power generation section of a general thermal power plant.
power reactor
as a reactor To take advantage of the heat that is a product of the reactor, such as a reactor in a nuclear power plant. The heat is used to boil water into steam for use in rotating turbines in generators. As for nuclear reactors in ships and submarines, the heated water is used to turn turbines as well. The resulting neutron radiation is not utilized.
In the previous section The chain reaction has already been mentioned. chain reaction It is the reaction that caused nuclear explosions in the early stages of fission. The fission reaction cannot be controlled. Therefore, in the early stages of fission reactions, fission reactions have not been used much. There is only the use of it in a destructive way. It is used to make a nuclear bomb But after a fission regulator can be built therefore bringing the nuclear fission reaction used in a more creative way This regulator of the fission reaction is called “Nuclear reactor” After a nuclear reactor can take heat energy. The neutrons and radiation generated by fission reactions can be further utilized. nuclear reactors There are many types that are commonly used. Here, three types are mentioned:
1) High pressure water reactor
2) Boiling water nuclear power plant
3) Heavy water nuclear power plants
The components of a nuclear reactor are as follows:
1) Neutron source serve as neutrons to initiate a chain reaction
2) nuclear fuel
Che Nuclear fuel refers to the material used to generate energy in a nuclear reactor. Nuclear fuel is typically uranium dioxide.
The aforementioned powder is then compressed into pellets about 1 centimeter in diameter and 2 centimeters in length and burned, just like pottery or ceramics. Pelletized and burned fuels are called fuel pellets. The fuel pellets look like chalk but are black.
During a nuclear reaction, the uranium-235 contained in the fuel pellets is converted to another element, producing large amounts of energy and heat. This fuel pellet has a melting point of about 3000 degrees Celsius.
summarize
– Fuel pellets made from Uranium-235 with a concentration of about 3.5 – 5 %.
Natural uranium contains approximately 0.7% uranium-235.
– the presence of uranium in nature to be made into fuel pellets must pass the enhancement first therefore can be used to make fuel pellets
Once the fuel pellets are obtained Then the fuel pellets Comes packaged in an alloy tube. (neutrons pass through) with a length of approximately 4 meters, with the following objectives:
1) Separate the fuel from the environment.
2) Prevent fuel from spreading
3) Makes it easier to remove heat from the fuel fuel rod
In a nuclear reactor, there are several fuel rods bundled together called fuel bundles, while in research reactors there are no fuel bundles. But there will be only fuel rods. plugged into different channels
