methane hydrate It is a methane compound in sealed form. Has a structure similar to dry ice, white in color. When burned, light purple and red flames are formed. Found in areas with low temperatures and high pressures such as deep sea or polar ice areas. The chunks of methane hydrate found are as cold as ice.
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and can ignite. It has the same process as natural gas. But the place of birth is the polar ice region. Herein, methane hydrate in the form of a crystalline structure similar to dry ice is called “fire ice”.
One cubic meter of flaming ice contains about 160 cubic meters of methane, and it is estimated that the methane contained in flaming ice is enough to meet human needs for many decades. Therefore, it is not surprising that many countries are interested in using methane gas extraction from fire ice as a fuel. The reason for the ice fire is that it has not been used as fuel seriously. There are several reasons as follows:
- Temperature because when the temperature rises The methane gas contained in the fire ice will evaporate.
- High production cost Because it is polar ice that is not less than 500 meters deep.
The first country to pay attention to the extraction of methane gas from fire ice is Japan by spending an unlimited budget. In order to find a way to extract methane gas to be used as fuel, in 2013, the Japanese team was famous all over the world. They announced that they had succeeded in converting solid methane gas into energy. without creating more pollution
When many countries see that Japan has succeeded, they are very interested and have invested some budgets in the use of methane hydrate, such as China, America, Russia and Norway.
The advantages of biomass fuel are as follows:
1) Burning biomass does not cause GHG emissions. because when the branches and leaves are burned There must be a new tree. New trees will need carbon dioxide in a similar amount to the carbon dioxide produced by burning biomass. Fossil fuel combustion There will be no replacement for fossils.
2) Not using biomass By letting it decompose naturally, such as manure, methane gas will be generated. This is considered a type of greenhouse gas and is 21 times more dangerous than carbon dioxide.
3) Biomass will not contain more than 0.2 percent sulfur or sulfur, so burning biomass will not cause acid rain problems.
4) Biomass ash is alkaline. Therefore, it is suitable for cultivation or to adjust the acidic soil conditions.
5) Reduce the burden of disposal e.g. Bring it to a landfill and burn it, etc.
6) Contributing to local job creation The community has more income. It is estimated that the use of local biomass for cash flow in the system has increased by 7 times and the national income has increased. That is, when farmers earn more income from biomass. This money will be spent on local circulation.
7) Save foreign currency because there is no need to import fuel from foreign countries such as fuel oil and coal, etc.
Limitations of using biomass fuel
1) Biomass is a waste material from agricultural processing with uncertain reserves.
2) Difficult to manage fuel
3) Biomass prices tend to increase due to the ever-increasing demand
4) Residual potential biomass is often scattered. High humidity therefore increases the cost of electricity production, such as sugarcane leaves and shoots, palm bunches, etc.
7.2 Composition of biomass fuel Can be divided into 3 parts
1) Humidity refers to the amount of water contained in that biomass. Most biomass has relatively high humidity. because it is an agricultural product If biomass is to be used as energy by burning biomass, the moisture content should not exceed 50 percent.
2) combustible parts: Most pieces of biomass are combustible.
3) Incombustible part When burned, it turns to ashes. Most biomass contains about 1-3% ash, except rice husks and rice straw. There will be about 10 – 20 percent of ash, which will have some problems with combustion and disposal.
biomass fuel source
1) Fuels that come from living organisms such as firewood, rice husks, bagasse, wood waste, and grass waste. agricultural waste These can be used to burn to heat and bring this heat to generate electricity.
2) manure
3) Waste from agricultural processing plants such as pineapple peel from canned pineapple factories, etc.
4) Factory wastewater such as starch factories, sugar factories, etc. that are fermented and produced into biogas.
5) Waste materials from agriculture such as rice husks, sawdust, bagasse, coconut residue in large amounts.
Because Thailand is an agricultural country. Therefore, there are many sources of biomass fuel throughout the year. (equivalent to billions of liters of crude oil per year)
